In what year did Virginia adopt the Massive Resistance policy to block desegregation?

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Multiple Choice

In what year did Virginia adopt the Massive Resistance policy to block desegregation?

Explanation:
Massive Resistance is the name given to Virginia’s organized plan to block school desegregation after the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education ruling. The state formally adopted that policy in 1956, when the General Assembly passed measures to resist integration—including steps to close or finance private white-only schools and to funnel public funds away from desegregated schools. This year marks the moment the state moved from opposition in principle to implementing concrete legal steps to keep schools segregated. By contrast, the 1954 date is tied to Brown itself, not Virginia’s adoption of Massive Resistance; 1950 is before Brown, and 1963 comes later in the Civil Rights era and does not reflect the initial adoption.

Massive Resistance is the name given to Virginia’s organized plan to block school desegregation after the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education ruling. The state formally adopted that policy in 1956, when the General Assembly passed measures to resist integration—including steps to close or finance private white-only schools and to funnel public funds away from desegregated schools. This year marks the moment the state moved from opposition in principle to implementing concrete legal steps to keep schools segregated. By contrast, the 1954 date is tied to Brown itself, not Virginia’s adoption of Massive Resistance; 1950 is before Brown, and 1963 comes later in the Civil Rights era and does not reflect the initial adoption.

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